The philosopher Isaiah Berlin wrote a famous essay called "The Fox and the Hedgehog". The title of the essay is derived from a fragment of a Greek poet, which said "The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing". This enigmatic saying is open to many interpretations, but it has so many parallels in the literature of other cultures that it likely appeals to some basic truth
Berlin used that saying as a lens through which to look at two different ways in which people look at the world. He essentially proposed that there are two kinds of people: monists and pluralists. He explained:
For there exists a great chasm between those, on one side, who relate everything to a single central vision, one system less or more coherent or articulate, in terms of which they understand, think and feel — a single, universal, organizing principle in terms of which alone all that they are and say has significance — and, on the other side, those who pursue many ends, often unrelated and even contradictory, connected, if at all, only in some de facto way, for some psychological or physiological cause, related by no moral or aesthetic principle…
Now, being a fox myself, I think that Berlin was unfair in arguing that we all have no central organizing principle. But that quibble aside, the distinction is a helpful one in understanding a significant divide among Catholics who are interested in public affairs
I periodically send out a short email with some of the important or interesting headlines of the day. Most of the items relate to my major interests — pro-life, religious freedom, a Catholic understanding of marriage and sexuality, and a few other issues that are of interest to me. The purpose is to keep my associates informed about what's going on. It is very curious to me that if I include in that mailing an item about immigration or refugees, there is frequently a very strong negative pushback. There's something about that issue that touches a nerve in some people. I don't really understand it, but it's a reality
For example, I recently noted that the U.S. Bishops had designated the Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe, December 12, as a Day of Solidarity with Immigrants. This seemed to me to be an utterly uncontroversial thing — after all, she is the patroness of the Americas, and we have an awful lot of people who are immigrants from Mexico and who deeply revere her (as do many of us native-borns)
To my surprise, I got a very strong negative reaction from some people who were angry because they thought that the Bishops were wrong to be "politically correct" about immigration and take their attention away from abortion. I tried (unsuccessfully) to assuage their feelings by pointing out that just because we're praying for one intention doesn't mean we're detracting at all from any other intention
It was a frustrating exchange for me, but it made me think about how important it is for us to have both monists and pluralists, hedgehogs and foxes. I think that using the example of two Catholic organizations can help us with this
The USCCB is the body of all the Catholic bishops in the US, supported by a staff that works on many different issue areas. Just visit their website and you can see that magnitude of the public policy issues that our bishops are paying attention to: Pro-life Activities, Catholic Education, Religious Liberty, International Justice and Peace, Justice, Peace & Human Development, Laity, Marriage, Family Life & Youth, Migration and Refugee Services, Migration Policy, and Domestic Social Development. That doesn't even include all the internal, liturgical, charitable and doctrinal issues they pay attention to. USCCB is a fox par excellence
Human Life Action, formally known as the National Committee for a Human Life Amendment, is an affiliate of USCCB. You can see from their website that they deal with only one mission — to promote pro-life legislation on the federal level, and with a few notable exceptions (like assisted suicide) that means legislation that would limit or eliminate abortion. HLA is a hedgehog, for sure
Both of these organizations play a significant role in helping the Church have a real influence on our society and our public policies. This task involves all of us in the Church — clergy, religious and lay — and is aimed at transforming every aspect of our society. As the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council put it:
Christ's redemptive work, while essentially concerned with the salvation of men, includes also the renewal of the whole temporal order. Hence the mission of the Church is not only to bring the message and grace of Christ to men but also to penetrate and perfect the temporal order with the spirit of the Gospel. (Apostolicam Actuositatem 5)
To accomplish that task, we need both hedgehogs and foxes, monists and pluralists. Abortion is the paramount moral/political issue of our time, and its malign impact on our society cannot be exaggerated. It is a gross injustice and must be resisted in every lawful way. So we need our hedgehogs like HLA to keep us focused on that so that we never place any other issue above it in our list of priorities. But no part of life is beyond the reach of the Gospel, so we have a duty to attend to many other issues where the authentic good of every human person is at stake — like religious freedom, immigration, or the economy. This is where we need our foxes like USCCB, to remind us that we're not "either/or" but "both/and" when it comes to issues
The important point is that in the Church we are both hedgehogs and foxes at the same time. No matter what issue we are working on — whether it's immigration or abortion — it is ultimately about the fundamental principles of Catholic social teaching:
The permanent principles of the Church's social doctrine constitute the very heart of Catholic social teaching. These are the principles of: the dignity of the human person… which is the foundation of all the other principles and content of the Church's social doctrine; the common good; subsidiarity; and solidarity. (Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church 160)
I'm eternally grateful to my hedgehog friends, who never lose sight of the "one big thing". But there's a role for us foxes too, because it's important to know the "many things" as well.